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What are the different chemical bonds and how do you describe them?
April 20, 2010
Covalent: an equal sharing of electrons between two atoms. Exle: diamond
Polar covalent: an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms. Exle: water
Ionic: the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Exle: sodium chloride
Metallic: a cloud of electrons surrounding all atoms in the material. Exle: gold
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ionic – one atom completely takes an electron away from another, giving two anions, one + the other – (e. g. Na+ and Cl-
covalent – atoms “share” their electrons with others throughout a compound, this can range from completely equal (Nitrogen gas) or polar but still shared (nitrogen oxide)
van dervaals – when compounds or atoms are only attracted through weak, random dipoles fluctuations (this is how hydrocarbon compounds interact with each other such as octane).
hydrogen bond – hydrogen bonds are a special class of bond. When oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine are covalently bounded to hydrogen they produce a very strong dipole in which the O/F/N has a partial negative charge and the H has a partial positive. A hydrogen bond results when the partial H+ interacts with the partial O-/F-/N- (e. g. this is the force that keeps water a liquid at room temperature while methane, which has similar mass, is a gas at room temp)
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